What issue can arise with FDM systems due to temperature control?

In Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), maintaining proper temperature control is critical for ensuring that the printed part adheres well and maintains the desired structural integrity. When the temperature is too low during printing, it can lead to insufficient melting of the filament, resulting in poor layer adhesion. Each layer of extruded material needs to bond effectively with the one beneath it to form a strong, cohesive part. If this adhesion is compromised, warping can occur, where the layers may separate or distort as they cool. This is particularly problematic with certain materials, such as ABS, which are prone to warping if not printed at the correct temperature.

Maintaining an optimal temperature throughout the printing process helps to ensure that the material flows smoothly from the nozzle and adheres well to both the previous layer and the print bed. This emphasizes the importance of temperature control in achieving high-quality prints free from defects related to layer adhesion and warping. Other factors may lead to issues like jamming or evaporation, but the loss of layer adhesion and warping is a direct consequence of improper thermal management during the printing process.