What are "print artifacts," and what causes them in FDM?

Print artifacts refer to visible flaws or inconsistencies that appear in the final output of a print, particularly in the context of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). These artifacts can manifest in various forms, such as uneven layers, stringing, warping, or minor surface irregularities.

The primary causes of these artifacts often stem from calibration issues or incorrect settings within the 3D printer. For example, a miscalibrated nozzle can lead to inconsistent extrusion, while incorrect temperature settings can result in poor layer adhesion or warping. Additionally, factors like inadequate bed leveling or improper material flow can also contribute to the formation of print artifacts.

Understanding the sources of these artifacts is crucial for achieving high-quality prints. By addressing calibration and setting issues, users can significantly reduce or eliminate these imperfections, leading to better overall print quality.