How can printer calibration affect print quality in FDM?

Calibration is crucial in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) as it directly influences the print quality by ensuring that the printer operates correctly and produces accurate layers. When a 3D printer is properly calibrated, the nozzle height, temperature, and material flow rate, among other factors, are set to optimal values. This precision helps maintain consistent layer adhesion and proper alignment throughout the print.

Improper calibration can lead to various issues, such as misalignment of the layers, which may result in shifted or uneven prints. Additionally, defects like stringing, oozing, or inadequate layer bonding can occur, ultimately degrading the final product's surface quality and structural integrity. Therefore, ensuring that calibration is performed correctly is essential for achieving high-quality prints in FDM, as it affects how well the printer can reproduce the intended design without defects.