Define "warping" in FDM printing.

Warping in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing refers to the unintended curling or lifting of the edges of a print. This phenomenon typically occurs due to temperature fluctuations, primarily during the cooling phase of the printing process. As the material is heated, it expands, and as it cools down, it contracts. If different parts of the print cool at varying rates, typically due to insufficient bed adhesion or uneven cooling, stresses can develop, resulting in the edges lifting away from the print bed.

Understanding warping is crucial for successful FDM printing, as it can lead to dimensional inaccuracy and surface defects. Proper print settings, such as adjusting the bed temperature, using specific adhesion techniques, or selecting materials that are less prone to warping, are essential to mitigate this issue.